Confidential Information on Ap Essay Samples Only the Pros Know About

Confidential Information on Ap Essay Samples Only the Pros Know About The Little-Known Secrets to Ap Essay Samples At the exact same time, you are going to impress the college admissions folks greatly if it's possible to present your capacity to learn from your failures and mistakes. Students will have the ability to differentiate between long-term effects and isolated incidents, and the various impacts of the two. Consult your parents to spell out the rear row to you. Make sure that you have read all your sources. Typically, it takes as much as two hours of time to comb through dozens of sites until you discover something exciting to write about. You'll be provided a selection of three essay choices, each focusing on another array of time periods. Therefore, you should find and utilize various practices or strategies to demonstrate the audience that you're right. An essay was defined in a number of means. It is not the easiest task to master. Some essays might only speak about similarities, though others may just speak about differences. The other essays will help give you an awareness of what score your essay may have gotten that year and any areas you might have overlooked. Robert Frost utilizes this technique to underline two chief ideas within this poem. The author starts with a rather in depth story of an event or description of an individual or place. So for instance, let's say you receive an essay in which an author employs a whole lot of statistics to show their point. Stephen's essay is rather effective. Bridget's essay is quite strong, but there continue to be a couple little things that could be made better. Remember when writing about literature this way, quotes of support ought to be in chronological order. It's a sentence that reveals your essays objective that's the point you're seeking to put across. In case the answer is yes, attempt to structure your argument in order for your points build off one another. It is a significant portion of critical academic work at which you should support your thesis statement. In the example of absence of the time you're able to obtain a low-cost dissertation. Now, it's time to proceed to the thorough instruction of producing such paper. The source material used have to be cited in the essay as a way to be considered legitimate. Getting the Best Ap Essay Samples Totally free AP essay samples are offered on FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. This kind of essay wants a good framework and exceptional support. The AP Long Essay is much like the DBQ in that you need to develop a thesis and utilize historical evidence to back up your thesis, but there is not going to be any documents on which you have to base your response. Also have a look at her review of the very best AP US History textbooks! Alongside the topics, you'd come across loads of papers at no cost. You'll observe a similar structure in several of the essays. A synthesis essay prompt have to be negotiable. These seven sample essays respond to a wide range of thought-provoking questions. It's very beneficial to take writing apart as a way to see just the way that it accomplishes its objectives. Information alluded in conclusion ought to be brief. Also make sure you analyze every quote! Understanding Ap Essay Samples Although there are just two short paragraphs, there's a great deal of room for confusion here. You will possibly talk with your guidance counselor about your choices. It is not simple to develop into successful and hardly anyone is genuinely successful but it's a noble aim to strive for. All you will need is what's needed.

Communicable Diseases ( Hiv ) - 971 Words

Over the years, communicable diseases have created a host of serious problems. These diseases cause physical, emotional, and even financial problems in our societies today. Communicable diseases refer to a sickness that passed on through the transmission of infectious illnesses. People, food, animals or water can pass many infections from humans to humans or animals to humans. Humans can pass infectious diseases to each other from touching or exchanging body fluids. In 1981, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) marked the official start of the HIV epidemic which became one of the world’s most deadly communicable diseases (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2015). The widespread of the human immunodeficiency virus has affected approximately 1.2 million people in the United States, and roughly 35 million worldwide is living with HIV (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). HIV and Efforts to Control It HIV is a virus that develops when a non-infected person exposed by an infected person with HIV through bodily fluids. HIV in an infected person can annihilate the cells; the immune system weakens and becomes a target for other infectious illnesses. When the immune system can no longer defend itself, the infection has progressed to AIDS. People can contract HIV in many ways. HIV can spread by coming in contact with body fluids such as blood, saliva, semen, rectal and vaginal fluids, and breast milk from women who are nursing their babies. Promoting and educatingShow MoreRelatedCommunicable Disease: HIV/AIDS1243 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Communicable Disease: HIV/AIDS What is a communicable disease? A  communicable  disease  is carried by microorganisms and transmitted through people, animals, surfaces, foods, or air.  Therefore, communicable diseases rely on fluid exchange, contaminated substances, or close contact to travel from an infected carrier to a healthy individual. The  disease  might need a blood exchange via an injection, float along a  sneeze  in a movie theater, or transmitted through childbirth. Hence, a human-to-humanRead MoreEssay on Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases: HIV1281 Words   |  6 PagesEpidemiology Communicable Diseases HIV or the Human Deficiency virus is like other viruses including the flu, but the one thing that makes this virus so different than any other is that the body is unable to clear this one out completely. Once someone is infected, there is no cure. Over time, HIV can also hide or mask itself in the bodys cells. The cells within a persons body that fight off infection are called CD4 cells or T cells. HIV attacks these cells and copies or replicates itself insideRead MoreCommunicable Disease Is A Cold Disease1315 Words   |  6 Pages Communicable Disease Tuberculosis Karen Fernandez HCS/457 April 7, 2013 Monica Vargas Communicable Disease Communicable disease is a cold disease that spreads from one person to another. This disease can expose from someone or from something. These diseases are contagious and communicable. Communicable disease is also known as infectious transmittable contaminated diseases that grow from minimal infections to severe infections. Anyone can get contaminated with communicable disease withRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1529 Words   |  7 PagesPapers: A Sample of Proper Formatting for the APA 6th Edition Sheela Jose Grand Canyon University: HIV Known as a Communicable Disease A communicable disease is known an illness that results from an infectious agent that occurs through transmission either indirectly or directly, from an infected individual. The human immunodeficiency virus is considered a communicable disease, and will be explored further in relation to the concepts of epidemiology and the role of the community healthRead MoreCommunicable Disease934 Words   |  4 PagesCommunicable Disease Svetlana Brooks HCS/457 April 22, 2013 Deborah Ayers Communicable Disease A communicable disease is an infectious disease transmitted from one person to another directly or indirectly. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that 1.1 million Americans are living with HIV and nearly one in five of those are not aware that they are infected (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes AIDSRead Moreepidemiology HIV1204 Words   |  5 Pageswritten paper of 1,200-1,500 words, apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Communicable Disease Selection Choose one communicable disease from the following list: 1. Chickenpox 2. Tuberculosis 3. Influenza 4. Mononucleosis 5. Hepatitis B 6. HIV Epidemiology Paper Requirements Include the following in your assignment: 1. Description of the communicable disease (causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment) and the demographic of interestRead MoreGlobal Health Challenges Of India1675 Words   |  7 Pagesand fighting to overcome from those challenges. When it is comes to the India, which is WHO region, also have health challenges and making the healthy people by some changes in health system and following Millennium Development Goals. The enormous disease burden and more health in equalities and that one in six person in the world are an Indian on the one hand, and the country’s new economics and its logical capital in nation also overseas on the other hand, has created for global health challengeRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus: Causes, Symptoms, Modes of Transmission, Demographics, and Health Statistics1454 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing paper analyzes a description of a communicable disease Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), its symptoms, mode of transmission, demographic and health statistics. It also summarizes the role of the community health nurse in response to the disease as well as, identifying a national agency or an organization that tries to address the issue of HIV as they give ways of resolving or reducing its impact in the economy. A communicable disease is a diseases transmitted when one gets contact of microorganismsRead MoreSocial Determinants Of Health May Influence The Burden Of Disease On Global Health1154 Words   |  5 Pagesdeterminants of health may influence the burden of disease on global health in many ways. There are major differences in the leading causes of death between low-income, middle income, and high income countries (Moss, 2015). These differences are the result of the varied level of wealth, access to healthcare and clean water, knowledge of health care needs, and the countries’ ability to provide adequate health care to their citizens. Therefore, certain diseases are more prevalent in poor countries versusRead MoreThe Importance of Health Surveillance642 Words   |  3 Pagesmonitoring of trends or health issues, predicting, tracking and documenting of epidemics, and the evaluation of public health interventions.1 In the case of HIV/AIDS, health surveillance needs to be conduct ed to monitor trends in the incidence and prevalence, the â€Å"patterns of transmission†2, and morbidity and mortality data of the infection.3 HIV/AIDS surveillance is also important in indentifying at risk groups, and the different factors, behaviours and determinants that increase the risk of transmission

The Environmental and Natural Resources Samples for Students

Question: Identify at least Ten Sustainability Issues that you belive are Important in Engineering ? Answer: Introduction Issues related to Environmental and natural resources have increasingly gained importance in the recent half of the 20th century and the onset of the 21st century. The ever increasing populations across the world have resulted in an escalating burden on natural resources such as water bodies, land, and air. Thus concerns on the survival of these natural resources regarding the increasing human population is becoming a global issue(A.K. Mehrotra 2008, 234). Sustainability is the study of how the systems that exist naturally persistently operate to produce the requirements for the ecosystem entirely to remain in a state of equilibrium. There are pillars which contribute to the social science of sustainable existence i.e. the social, economic and environmental pillars. Thus the problems associated with these pillars forms the issues particularly in engineering fields, and a formidable action should be taken to avert possible threats to sustainability(Bobok 2009, 556). Abstract This paper focuses on the various sustainability issues that are related to oil and gas industry. These problems pose threats to the existence of sustainable development both to and should be taken seriously for the betterment of future of humankind. Some of the possible measures that should be taken to combating some of these issues are also discussed. Further, the factors that have contributed to the cause of the major issue of the greenhouse gas emission is elaborated(Bobok 2009, 560). Findings There exist numerous issues associated with the petroleum industry. They include Environmental issues such as the greenhouse gas emissions. Oil and gas companies produce a high level of greenhouse gasses as contrasted with other sectors. Oil production entails various processes such as venting, the release of natural gas (methane) and flaring. These gasses are toxic since; ethane is twenty-five times more potential to promoting global warming than carbon IV oxide .besides, the drilling, and production process entail the full spread application of various engine systems and compressors which emit a larger percentage of greenhouse gas. Although regulations on greenhouse gas emission have been put into place and other policies in different countries that chiefly produce oil and gas, predominant laws are significantly hindered in the leading economies such as Canada and USA(Borho 2009, 672). General climate change- climate change is also another critical issue associated with oil and gas industry. Just like other fossils, the production and transportation of oil and its use have very many impacts to the environment. The production of oil results to pollution of air, emission of harmful gasses such as methane into the atmosphere thus resulting in greenhouse gasses effect and destruction of the wilderness. These impacts consequently lead to change in the climate, and with time, it becomes even a threat to the oil and gas production sector itself. Moreover, the emission of carbon IV oxide gas into the atmosphere results in the formation of a thick coating layer or global warming thereby increasing the temperatures in the earths atmosphere(Borho 2009, 675). Land disruption- despite being one of the major contributors in the energy sector, oil production causes severe soil pollution from its output to transportation. Oil spillage on land deprives the soil of its minerals thus rendering it infertile and posing a significant threat to agriculture and the economic development of a country at large. The production of oil at the offshore has produced large oil spillage including a major spillage from Nova Scotia offshore that destroyed the Gulf of Mexico back in 2010(Boyun Guo 2011, 198). The spread of toxic materials- the production of oil involve the use of very many chemicals which are toxic in nature. In cases of oils spillage, this spillage may affect marine life either through inhaling, ingestion of or through direct contact. Some of these chemicals when inhaled may cause suppression of the immune system and in some cases cancer which consequently results in reproductive collapse. Also, other organs such as the brain, kidney and the liver may get damaged(Congrui Jin 2016, 872). Disruption of the scenic views and the clear night skies the machinery involved in the oil production process as well as the gas flares destroys the scenic values which in turn affects major traveling aircraft routes. An example is the Americas oil and gas boom that is even clear when viewed from space in which the oil fields of Bakken burns nearly as shining as Minneapolis and Chicago city. Below is a picture showing the effect(DR. John C. Reis 2013, 554). Irreversible damage to land the construction operations that are associated with gas and oil drilling always leave an irreversible impact on the area. Thus it becomes hard for the development of roads and well pad. These damages not only destroy the habitats of land animals but also leads to increased erosion and stripping of the vegetation. Below is how this oil and gas production effect impacts the ground(DR. John C. Reis 2013, 266). Air and water pollution- the emission of the toxic gasses compromises the clean air that is inhaled. As a result of lack of proper strategy on dealing with the emitted gasses, they are permitted to flow into the atmosphere or even in water sources. This results in pollution since the plant life is cut short. Besides, the in the western states these forms of pollution are turning into the ground level; ozone layer increasing the number of organic compounds which set back human beings and the plants(David S. Goldstein 2011, 177). Corruption in the petroleum industry there exist little if no transparency and accountability in the oil sector as most revenues does not get published and most the payments that are made to the government to exploit the resources always stays unconcealed. Often, the hunt for sources of oil results to operations in areas that are characterized by political unsteadiness, dishonest business dealings, and violence. Though such places in most cases provide strong prospects for development, the firm standard prices are likely to degrade as soon as investors become unrelaxed with political instability for fear of chaos erupting.(David S. Goldstein 2011, 998). Deteriorating biodiversity- most of the plant, land and sea life is affected by the oil and gas production. Increased vehicle traffic at the gas and oil production sites substantially leads to noise pollution in the wild lands. These wild animals and the birds respond by fleeing away and may be vulnerable to roadkill. Moreover, during nesting and breeding season the songbird communication is affected as well as the alteration of dynamics of the prey and the predator(ESOMBA 2008, 543). Health and safety issues health and security operations that are free from incidences are an essential factor to increased productivity and efficiency at large. Both the processes taking place at the offshore and onshore have high possibilities of health and safety occurrences which can have devastating consequences. An incident that occurred in the Macondo offshore explosion in 2010 claimed the lives of 11 people while many sustained injuries. Also, since the production process involves emissions of gasses that increases the temperatures, there are high risks of fire outbreaks that may lead to deaths(Engineers 2013, 890). Solutions to some of the Challenges Health and safety issues as discussed above, the health problems related to the oil production process mostly occur at the offshore. Moreover, the high temperatures expose humans to high risks of deaths as a result of the fire. The best strategy to curb this problem is automation of these processes. This will ensure that all the processes that are involved from the production process to the transportation are automated and do not require the presences of a human. This reduces the chances of injuries to people in cases of any outbreaks(Engineers 2013, 321). A case study is the shell, Rockwell oil and gas plant. Philip Tracy states that oil and gas producers are working hard to ensure they drill through a period manifested by a historically lower power barrel oil costs. Thus its more crucial to reducing the maintenance and repair costs. In that line, shell plant has gone more digital to producing slightly over 25000 wells worldwide, and many of the wells are situated in challenging areas i.e. over a thousand meters underground. They have managed to solve this by applying a smart field technology which involves the installation of communication systems such as sensors on its equipments(Environment 2012, 511). For example, the pumps and the valves, the primary function of theses sensors is to detect the changes in various variables such as temperature, pressures among other parameters then sends signals to the control system which may be a programmable logic control to take an appropriate action. Furthermore, the engineers get to monitor and optimize each process. When the sensors are incorporated it means that the duty that would have been performed by people is taken care of thus there are almost zero chances of accidents happening, or in case there is an accident here will be no casualties(Environment 2012, 515). This technology has promoted an increased production of oil and gas commodities as well as minimizing the downtime and improvement of the overall oil and gas recovery. Furthermore, the overall production costs are reduced while reducing the risks that are associated with health which is a greater benefit(Speight 2016, 422). Philip Tracy further proceeds to explain that the process involved in converting the hydrocarbons which are turned in the underground into gas to be used for filling personal cars is very involving. Hence all the process starting from the extraction, the refining processes, and transportation to gas station necessitates high efficiency and reliability which is seen in the Rockwell Automation on how they have managed to tackle the complex situations. They are using Microsoft services in the field which entails a combination of sensors, software and solution based on a cloud to predict and analyses the material failure, monitor the performance as well as improving the designs while preventing future breakdowns(Environment 2012, 520). According to Rockwell, one pump in the offshore rig can bring operations to a stop and result in a loss of $100000 to $ 300000 in a single day. Thus the smart drilling system is of much benefit. The Rockwell Company is also underway with processes of providing smart gas pumps which will be able to collect data and convey it on a dashboard to be viewed by Android, PC or windows phone user. Greenhouse emissions- the gasses from greenhouse emissions are harmful and toxic to the environment. They are as a result of some activities that control measures have been neglected, and they primarily affect both human and the atmosphere adversely. The carbon and methane gas emissions eventually lead to increased global warming and consequently change the climate. Therefore, appropriate measures should be put into place into the oil and gas plants to reduce their emissions(Sohrab Zendehboudi 2016, 326). For instance, a case study on a program that fights for the environmental standard, ExxonMobil recognizes that the venting emissions in 2015 was approximated to be six million metric tons of carbon iv oxide and have been radically reduced due to the measures applied. The fugitive and venting measures primarily methane is averagely 5 % of the direct greenhouse gas emissions and the putting up of cost effective measures such as substituting the high bleed pneumatic devices using a minimized radiation technology and leading the greenhouse completions towards the upstream operations has effectively worked(Erik Eberhardt 2007, 333). Furthermore, an XTO energy company manages the carbon and methane emissions by applying containment practices during the process of drilling, completion as well as during the production operations. The emissions are additionally regulated by a mixture of regulatory and voluntary actions such as the implementations of leak detection techniques and maintenance programmers. These are aided through the uses of sensors which will help to sense the changes during the production and transportation process. Furthermore after the drilling operations of a new well, the workers ensure proper preparation of the production equipments by making sure that the products of the natural gas are confined by the product material by optimizing the sensors and imaging cameras, the leakage parts that would not be quickly realized or visible are easily located and appropriate measures are taken(G.G. Nasr 2014, 810). Another test that helps to curb the greenhouse emission effects is the cogeneration technology which seizures the heat that is produced during the oil and gas production .the cogeneration facilities contribute to minimizing the gas emissions, and they approximately prevent 6 million metric tons of the greenhouse emissions annually. In conclusion, promoting the construction of the cogeneration facilities will greatly help to minimize the greenhouse gas emissions, already the ExxonMobil has started the construction of an 84-megawatt cogeneration facility in Singapore sites(G.G. Nasr 2014, 813). Land use pattern and biodiversity-most of the plant, land and sea life is affected by the oil and gas production. Increased vehicle traffic at the gas and oil production sites substantially leads to noise pollution in the wild lands. These wild animals and the birds respond by fleeing away and may be vulnerable to roadkill. Moreover, during nesting and breeding season the songbird communication is affected as well as the alteration of dynamics of the prey and the predator. Moreover, oil production causes severe land pollution from its output to transportation. Oil spillage on land deprives the soil of its minerals thus rendering it infertile and posing a significant threat to agriculture and the economic development of a country at large. The of production oil at the offshore has produced large oil spillage including a major spillage from Nova Scott offshore that destroyed the Gulf of Mexico back in 2010(Saleh 2015, 76). Thus, appropriate measures such as the use of downhole oil and water separation techniques, these techniques ensures that water and oil are separated when still within the wellbore so that only gas or oil that contains little amount of water is conveyed to the surface. This is aided by the use of downhole monitoring equipments and cables(Howard B. Bradley 2007, 294). Also, the treatment of the water from the oil plant before being taken into the atmosphere. Once the water is treated, it will be very safe to use in agricultural operations such as irrigation or any other secondary industrial operations. Moreover, the treated water can also be used beneficially in fire operations .a case study is in the western USA where reports have it that larger amounts of the produced water are used as sources of firefighting operations at Colorado and Durango .furthermore, the reusing of the water is also an important measure. When the water is reused once again in the production process, both the plant and marine life will not be affected since there are no emissions(Huacan Fang 2014, 447). Other measures of curbing land and water pollution are the freeze-thaw evaporation process whereby individual process such as a freezing and conventional evaporations of the produced water is applied. The produced water is cooled at very low temperatures such that it starts to crystallize. After that, the ice is collected and melted to produce clean water for use(Rusco 2010, 200). Contributing Factors of Greenhouse Emission The challenge associated with greenhouse emissions have been mostly provided by the original design of the oil and gas plants .the design of the system does not allow for an appropriate measure to curb the emissions from being permitted into the atmosphere. Engineers have played a role in propagating this challenge and if not keenly looked into it will have adverse effects shortly. There is no proper measure that was employed during the design, and thus the carbon and methane gasses freely go into the atmosphere and consequently result in global warming and climate change. If appropriate measures such as rechanneling of the carbon and emissions into underground storage channels were put into place during the design process, this issue would not be a factor(Hurst 2009, 835). Furthermore, the design has not fully incorporated the use of efficient technologies to avert the problems that may be associated with fire or accidents from the oil and gas plant. For instance the oil spillage at the offshore. If the control devices such as the sensors were incorporated into the design, then it would have been easy to notice a situation where there are leakages and thus preventing the occurrences of accidences and deaths. Thus new technologies if adopted would help solve these challenges(John R. Fanchi 2016, 118). Other factors that have contributed to the lack of proper regulations on the production of oil and gas production companies. There are many oil and gas production plants worldwide which produce petroleum oil in large quantities annually. Bearing in mind that it is all these processes that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions starting from the extraction, production and transportation process. Despite all theses, there have been limited regulations which would help to avert the greenhouse gas emissions(Mahto 2016, 721). If there were conditions that a company should meet to embark on the production process, the emissions would have been reduced with its general accompanying effects. For instance, if these enterprises would be required to embrace the cogeneration technology which seizures the heat that is produced during the oil and gas production. Setting up a cogeneration facility before the setting of the plant as a requirement would be of much significance(Mian 2007, 532). Besides, putting up of cost effective measures such as substituting the high bleed pneumatic devices using a minimized emission technology and directing the greenhouse completions towards the upstream operations has effectively worked as a limit would consequently help to curb this challenge(Norman Myers 2013, 184). Conclusion Issues related to the oil and gas production should be taken into keen consideration to prevent adverse effects from occurring in the near future. Primarily these challenges contribute to global warming and climate change which is not desirable for both plant and human life. Thus applying some of the recommended measures would help to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and other resulting impacts(world 2010, 377). References A.K. Mehrotra, R.K. Singhal. 2008. Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production. new york: CRC Press. Bobok, E. 2009. Fluid Mechanics for Petroleum Engineers. westminster: Elsevier,. Borho, Todd. 2009. Making The Oligarchy Obsolete Defining Problems of Coercion and Seeking Voluntary Solutions. chicago: Lulu.com. Boyun Guo. 2011. Petroleum Production Engineering, A Computer-Assisted Approach. manchester: Gulf Professional Publishing,. Congrui Jin, Gianluca Cusatis. 2016. New Frontiers in Oil and Gas Exploration. london: Springer,. David S. Goldstein, Rhonda A. Jones. 2011. Petroleum Engineering Practice Problem Manual. chicago: Professional Publications. John C. Reis, Ph.D. 2013. Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering. london: Gulf Professional Publishing,. Engineers, Society of Petroleum. 2013. Journal of Petroleum Technology: Official Monthly Publication of the Petroleum Branch. new york: AIME. Environment, National Council for Science and the. 2012. The Climate Solutions Consensus:. carlisle: Island Press. Erik Eberhardt, Doug Stead, Tom Morrison. 2007. Rock Mechanics: Meeting Society's Challenges and Demands,. chicago: CRC Press,. ESOMBA, STEVE Dr. 2008. LASTING SOLUTION TO OIL-AND-FOOD CRISES. chicago: Lulu.com. G.G. Nasr, N.E. Connor. 2014. Natural Gas Engineering and Safety Challenges: Downstream Process, Analysis, Utilization and Safety. london: Springer International Publishing. Howard B. Bradley, Fred W. Gipson. 2007. Petroleum engineering handbook. new york: Society of Petroleum Engineers,. Huacan Fang, Menglan Duan. 2014. Offshore Operation Facilities: Equipment and Procedures. chicago: Gulf Professional Publishing. Hurst, William. 2009. Advances in petroleum engineering. new york: PenWell Pub. Co. John R. Fanchi, Richard L. Christiansen. 2016. Introduction to Petroleum Engineering. carlisle: John Wiley Sons. Mahto, Vikas. 2016. Khanna's Objective Questions in Petroleum Engineering. edinburgh: Khanna Publishing. Mian, Mohammed A. 2007. Petroleum Engineering Handbook for the Practicing Engineer, Volume 1. london: PennWell Books,. Norman Myers, Scott Spoolman. 2013. Environmental Issues and Solutions: A Modular Approach. london: Cengage Learning,. Rusco, Frank. 2010. Oil and Gas Management: Interior's Oil and Gas Production Verification Efforts . leicester: DIANE Publishing,. Saleh, Tawfik A. 2015. Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering. chicago: IGI Global. Shulk, bernard F. 2002. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States . manchester: DIANE Publishing. Sohrab Zendehboudi, Alireza Bahadori. 2016. Shale Oil and Gas Handbook: Theory, Technologies, and Challenges. new york: Elsevier Science. Speight, James G. 2016. Deep Shale Oil and Gas. chicago: Elsevier Science Technology. world, Petroleum. 2010. Petroleum Engineering Handbook ..., Issue 1. london: Petroleum world

Vocation of a Business Leader Sample Essay Example For Students

Vocation of a Business Leader Sample Essay The Vocation of the Business Leader purposes to open the eyes and Black Marias of the people non merely simply concern leaders. but of all the people who are in the place and capable of leading. This lone tells us that we should non believe of ourselves ever. Everything is non about us all the clip. As concern leaders. they should non take for the success of themselves entirely but besides for the success of everyone in the company. Because with great power comes great duties. Furthermore. concern leaders can set aspiration into pattern when their career is motivated by much more than fiscal success. Change is the lone changeless thing in the universe as they say. Not merely does the universe alteration entirely but besides the civilization and people every bit good. Peoples who were given the opportunity of power would ever mistreat it ; utilize this power to derive more. even though at times they have to step on other people’s pes merely to be on top. Though it’s trul y difficult to make and pick the right thing because sometimes making the right thing means giving your ain felicity and benefit for the good of all. On the other manus. making the right thing won’t be difficult as it may look if we merely pattern making it frequently. The mantra â€Å"For the common good. . We will write a custom essay on Vocation of a Business Leader Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now For the common good† should be repeated over and over once more in our caput. through this simple manner we could remind ourselves to ever take what is ethically and morally right. Greed for wealth. power and celebrity is the root of all immorality in this universe. Jesus created the universe with equity. he created everything precisely for each one of us so that people would non whine and kick about what he does non hold and what other have ; but people have neer been contented. As what Economics would specify. the neer stoping wants and demands of people. Sometimes. I would gaze at the window of my condo contemplating about what the universe might hold been if merely people were happy and contented of what they have. Then. there would be no pollution. mendicants and raging â€Å"sikad drivers† on the street around Taft and possibly our amah wouldn’t be here. If merely people were contented and neer have been insecure for what other has. On the other note. my fem ale parent would maintain on popping in my caput stating â€Å"Everything has a ground. Ate† . Possibly there is a ground why selfish people exist. It may be because Jesus wants us to be exposed non merely merely on the good material. but to state us that bad things besides do be. Not to sock and detest these selfish people but assist them happen a manner to the route of goodness. Leaderships are non the lone people who have duties to carry through but everyone has. Each one of us should assist each other to be the best individual that we could be. To remind one another that power. wealth and celebrity is non the key to happiness. They are simply material things that make our life convenient but it doesn’t mean that they are the prototype of felicity. Happiness is populating in a universe surrounded by people who care and love each other without numbering the cost. It’s about being happy with what you have and sharing the things you have and know to the people who needs it the most.

Watership Down Essay

Watership Down Essay In the book Watership Downby Richard Adams, the rabbits’ culture is very much like our human culture. One similarity between rabbits and humans is that they both believe in an all-powerful god. Another likeness of the two civilizations is that they both have governmental systems. A third parallel between humans and rabbits is that they both have stereotypical societies. Three major areas of human culture, belief in gods, governmental systems, and stereotypical societies, are just a few out of many characteristics presented that show the rabbits in Watership Down are really portraying human mentality in rabbits civilization. One similarity between rabbits and humans is that the majorities of them believe in an all-powerful god. Human society mainly worships three gods; Christians look to Jesus of the Trinity, Muslims to Allah, and Buddhists to Buddha. All followers recognize that their god created the earth, and has power to govern the world. They also pray to their god in times of hardship and when giving thanks. Rabbits have a god know as Frith, who is the sun, and that he created the world and watches over all the creatures that live there. Also like humans, the rabbits in Watership Down pray to Frith in times of adversity and thank him for their good fortune. An example of this can be found on page seventy, when the rabbits give thanks to Frith for helping them find their way through the woods at night. Rabbits and humans both believe in gods because they pray to them and ask them for help in times of need. Another likeness of the two civilizations is that they both have similar governmental systems. Humans have presidents, dictators, kings, or prime ministers that execute the laws of the land by using police to enforce rules and protect citizens. Rabbits rely on a Chief Rabbits, as the head of their â€Å"warren†, or territory. Like a king, the Chief Rabbit makes all important decisions pertaining to the community. Again, like humans, rabbits also have a police force known as the Owsla. They protect the Chief Rabbit, warn the warren of dangers such as predators and bad weather, and arrest rabbits that break the law. One instance of this is when the captain of the Owsla tries to arrest a rabbit for inciting to mutiny on page thirty-five. A third similarity between rabbits and humans’ governments is how the general public feels about their leaders. Most humans are not content with their leaders, and wish they could have their own way in making laws and leading their people. Rabbits are the same in that they don’t always agree with decisions made by the Chief Rabbit, but cannot do much about their dissatisfaction. Humans and rabbits have similar forms of government to run their communities in that they are headed by one main leader, they have a police force to carry out the laws, and the general population disagrees with decisions made by their leader. A third parallel between humans and rabbits is that they both have stereotypical societies. Humans have a strong habit of classifying a person by only their first impression. Size, physique, looks, language, and even hair style can alter someone’s feelings about what kind of person another human being is. Rabbits will judge others in the same sense by their smell, looks, size, and manner. For example, on page seventy-seven, Hazel concluded that the rabbit he had just met was well-fed, rich, and aristocratic all from just his large size. Although the rabbit tuned out to be rich, he did not end up having an â€Å"upper-class† attitude towards the group of ragged travelers, as they might have thought. Humans and rabbits both live in stereotypical societies because they both judge each other on how they look and present themselves. Just a few out of many characteristics presented that show the rabbits in Watership Down are really portraying a human’s mind-set in rabbits civilization are three of the major areas of human culture: belief in gods, governmental systems, and stereotypical societies. They both believe in gods because they pray to them and ask them for help in times of need. In addition, they have similar forms of government to run their communities in that they are headed by one main leader, they have a police force to look after the population, and the general public disagrees with judgments made by their leader. Finally, the both live in stereotypical societies because how they present themselves and their looks impacts another’s judgment of their character. The rabbits in Watership Down may have the body of rabbits, but they have the mentality of humans. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Watership Down topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

Seas and Oceans

Seas and Oceans Seas and oceans stretch from pole to pole and reach around the globe. They cover more than 70 percent of the Earths surface and hold in excess of 300 million cubic miles of water. The worlds oceans conceal a vast underwater landscape of submerged mountain ranges, continental shelves, and sprawling trenches. The geologic features of the sea floor include mid-ocean ridge, hydrothermal vents, trenches and island chains, continental margin, abyssal plains, and submarine canyons. Mid-ocean ridges are the most extensive mountain chains on earth, spanning some 40,000 miles across the sea floor and running along divergent plate boundaries (where tectonic plate are moving away from one another as new sea floor is being churned out from the Earths mantle). Hydrothermal vents are fissures in the sea floor that release geothermally heated water at temperatures as high as 750Â °F. They are often located near mid-ocean ridges where volcanic activity is common. The water they release is rich in minerals which precipitate out of the water to form chimneys around the vent. Trenches form on the sea floor where tectonic plates converge and one plate sinks beneath another forming deep-sea trenches. The plate that rises above the other at the convergence point is pushed upward and can form a series of volcanic islands. Continental margins frame continents and stretch outward from dry land to abyssal plains. Continental margins consists of three regions, the continental shelf, slope, and rise. An abyssal plain is an expanses of sea floor that begins where the continental rise ends and extends outward in flat, often featureless plain. Submarine canyons form on continental shelves where large rivers run out to sea. The water flow causes erosion of the continental shelf and digs out deep canyons. Sediments from this erosion are dumped out over the continental slope and rise onto the abyssal plain forming a deep-sea fan (similar to an alluvial fan). Seas and oceans are diverse and dynamic- the water they hold transmits vast amounts of energy and drives the worlds climate. The water they hold sways to the rhythms of waves and tides and moves in vast currents that circle the globe. Since the ocean habitat is so extensive, it may be broken down into several smaller habitats: inshore waters - the shallowest areas of the oceans that line coastal areas, formed by continental shelves. open sea - the vast deep waters of the oceans The open sea is a stratified habitat, with light filtering down a mere 250 meters, creating a rich habitat where algae and planktonic animals thrive. This region of the open sea is referred to as the surface layer. The lower layers, the midwater, the abyssal zone, and the seabed, are shrouded in darkness. Animals of Seas and Oceans Life on earth first evolved in the oceans and developed there for most of evolutionary history. It is only recently, geologically speaking, that life has emerged from the sea and flourished on land. The animal inhabitants of seas and oceans range in size from microscopic plankton to massive whales.

AIDS is a Mass Murder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

AIDS is a Mass Murder - Essay Example The concept revolves around knowing that many problems that come into being related to behavior are usually caused by health related problems. This is how marketing is prone of understanding the health problems of people to address the behavioral aspect of it. Social marketing has been evolved into focusing entirely on benefiting the society. It pushes for non-profit based marketing. (MacFadyen, 2003).Social marketing itself ensures that the design, implementation and control of programs seek the acceptability of a social idea or any practice that is focused entirely on a specific target group. (Kotler P. a., 1975). Social marketing has been taken in the wrong context by some people and the confusion of understanding the purpose of it became a problem. Some expected gaining the benefit of products being sold while others looked as social marketing as a campaign that would boost the sales of their products in the long run. Just like commercial marketing, the usage of social marketing is to persuade people towards protecting themselves from health hazards and environmental hazards. (Weinreich). The product is not necessarily a physical product that is being offered to the public, but instead it could be a message to the public to help them understand the dangers of a health hazard. The usage of the marketing mix may be useful in implementing an effective social marketing campaign. This technique is being used internationally by health programs in order to influence the social behavior of the people it is targeting. (Weinreich). The method of social marketing is basically adapting with commercial marketing methods to focus on the social front instead of a product promotion.(Nations). Products are made available to those who fall in the category of individuals who are paid low incomes. Condoms, for example, sometimes fall into this category and are promoted with this method to ensure that individuals are educated about birth control methods and AIDS prevention meth ods. Earlier, condoms were considered to have been purchased only by sex workers and were usually hidden behind the desk of pharmacies but with social marketing, people are being educated about the benefits of condoms and are becoming a product of normal usage. With this development, social marketing programs can also help populations overcome problems and lead of effective HIV/AIDS prevention. (Nations). There have also been misunderstandings among people about how social marketing programs compete with the public health sector system. This is incorrect; such programs are only existent to support the public health sector. These programs, in fact, pressurize the public health sector to improve their services and utilize their resources more effectively and efficiently. They also help individuals who fear going in public and purchasing condoms. (Nations). This awareness increase in the understanding of AIDS/HIV with such programs has started to show a relatively promising impact on l imiting the disease. Now the impact is majorly on increasing the confidence level of the high-risk individuals which would require tackling barriers in communication and understanding. AIDS protection programs are trying to destroy the social stigma that has been created. This is by discouraging people from discrimination and to prevent them from getting to such a point where individuals with AIDS are embarrassed to be seen in public. Destroying the social stigma that has been created is the core step to understanding and assessing the risks involved with HIV/AIDS. Public

Trafficking Paper Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Trafficking Paper Final - Essay Example The issues of migration, consent, and working conditions of all trafficked persons are among the concerns pointed out by both sides of the debate. Interestingly, â€Å"while the understanding of trafficking and its definitions have expanded, discussions of trafficking are often still limited to its most salacious aspects, verging at times on voyeurism.† (Ditmore, 2005a) â€Å"Laws on prostitution vary significantly from one country to another but generally fall into 3 categories: prohibition, which makes all prostitution illegal; regulation, which legalizes and regulates prostitution; and abolition, which decriminalizes prostitution.† (Barry, 1995) Nevertheless, given all these policies and their good intentions, the human rights of the trafficked person are still ignored. As one author put it responsive action to the problem of human trafficking is still better than new laws, national or international. (Barry, 1995) In the 19th century, the military was often ineffective due to venereal disease. Not surprisingly, this was traced to their sexual activities with prostitutes. As a result, the immediate focus of the government was to prevent the contamination but without impinging on the soldiers’ sexual behaviors. A place was set up where public prostitutes were registered and required to have semi-weekly examinations. Trafficking, which was synonymous to prostitution that time, was to be regulated because it was a way of passing on the disease to the military personnel. However, the Act only applied to women. (Barry, 1995, p.93) â€Å"The Contagious Diseases Acts were designed to protect the health of the military men by subjecting any woman whom the special Morals Police identified as a prostitute to a â€Å"surgical examination,† which involved the use of crude instruments for special vaginal examinations by often cruel doctors.† The

American literature Essay Example for Free

American literature Essay Instructor Information Instructor: Mrs. Katy Kownacki Office: Online! Office Hours: immediately following class sessions. Office Telephone: (571)344-3234 E-mail: [emailprotected] edu Course Description The eleventh-grade student will be able to make and analyze informative and persuasive oral presentations, with attention to the accuracy of evidence and the effectiveness of delivery. An examination of how media influences beliefs and behaviors will be introduced. The student will continue to develop and expand vocabulary. The study of both classic and contemporary American literature will enhance the student’s appreciation for literature. The student will be able to identify the prevalent themes and characterizations present in American literature, which are reflective of history and culture. Students will also use nonfiction texts to draw conclusions and make inferences citing textual support. The student will be able to write clear and accurate personal, professional, and informational correspondence and reports for research and other applications. Grammar development will continue through the application of rules for sentence formation, usage, spelling, and mechanics. The student will develop informative and persuasive writings by  locating, evaluating, synthesizing, and documenting information following ethical and legal guidelines. Students are required to take the English 11Standards of Learning End of Course Test. Prerequisite/Co-requisite: English 10 Textbook Course Materials Required Texts †¢Elements of Literature, Fifth Course Enhanced  ©2007 (http://my. hrw. com) †¢Elements of Language, Fifth Course  ©2004 (http://my. hrw. com) †¢The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. http://ebooks. adelaide. edu. au/f/fitzgerald/f_scott/gatsby/ Other Readings oThe Crucible is found in the online textbook oOther readings will be made available in the FCPS Online Campus Learning  Modules. Page 1 English 11 Summer Syllabus Fairfax County Public Schools— Online Campus Course Requirements †¢Computer with Internet connection (DSL, LAN, or cable connection desirable) †¢Headphones and microphone †¢Word processing program (Microsoft Word recommended) †¢Account access to FCPS 24/7 Course Structure This course will be delivered entirely online through the FCPS 24/7 and Elluminate. You will use your student account to login to the course from FCPS 24/7 (http://fcps. blackboard. com). In your FCPS Online Campus course, you will access online lessons, course materials, and resources. At a designated time during the week, we will participate in a synchronous activity using our virtual classroom, Elluminate. In addition to traditional writing and vocabulary assignments, activities will consist of chats, blogs, discussion forums, emails, journaling, and wikis. FCPS Online Campus Access To access this course within FCPS 24/7, you will need access to the Internet and a supported Web browser (Internet Explorer, Firefox). To ensure that you are using a supported browser and have required plug-ins, you must finish the prerequisite technology mini-course before starting the online English 11 course. Refer to the FCPS Online Campus welcome letter for instructions. Technical Assistance If you need technical assistance at any time during the course, call Presidium 1-866-434-8880. Also email your instructor about the problem. You will need to find an alternate means to access the course (a friend’s computer, a parent’s computer, the library, etc). Important Note: This syllabus, along with course assignments and due dates, are subject to change. It is the student’s responsibility to check FCPS 24/7 for corrections or updates to the syllabus. Any changes will be clearly noted in course announcement or through instructor’s email. English 11 Summer Syllabus Fairfax County Public Schools— Online Campus PART 2: COURSE OBJECTIVES †¢COMMUNICATION: SPEAKING, LISTENING, MEDIA LITERACY oUse a variety of oral-communication skills and provide accurate evidence to give informative and persuasive oral presentations. oCritique and assess the effectiveness of persuasive presentations by others. oExamine how persuasive media messages influence audiences’ beliefs and behaviors. †¢READING oApply knowledge of word origins, derivations, and figurative language to extend vocabulary development in authentic texts. oEnhance appreciation for literature by studying both classic and  contemporary American literature. oRead a variety of literary genres and informational texts to identify the prevalent themes in American literature that are reflective of American history and culture. oDevelop vocabulary and reading comprehension skills and apply those skills in other content areas, including history and social science, science, and mathematics. oIdentify the contributions of other cultures to the development of American literature. †¢WRITING oWrite in a variety of forms with an emphasis on persuasion. oProduce arguments in writing that demonstrate knowledgeable judgments and address counterclaims. oUse knowledge of genres, formats, purposes, audiences, and situations to produce clear and effective products that reflect use of all stages of a writing process. †¢RESEARCH oEngage in research that requires the selection, evaluation, use, and documentation of a variety of sources. oVerify the validity of all information and follow ethical and legal guidelines for using and gathering information. oPresent a research product that is clearly written and accurately documented according to Modern Language Association (MLA) standards. Page 3 English 11 Summer Syllabus Fairfax County Public Schools— Online Campus. PART 3: TOPIC OUTLINE/SCHEDULE Important Note: Refer to the course calendar for specific meeting dates and times. Activity and assignment details will be explained in detail within each weeks corresponding learning module. If you have any questions, please contact your instructor. †¢Poetry and Short Stories oIntroduction/ Review of Literary Elements oVariety of short stories and poems by American authors †¢Drama oThe Crucible †¢Fiction oThe Great Gatsby †¢Non-Fiction oThe Autobiography of Ben Franklin oNarrative of Frederick Douglass oAutobiographical Notes essay by James Baldwin oLetter from a Birmingham Jail by M. L. King, Jr. oFrom Resistance to Civil Government by Henry David Thoreau †¢Research oBackground information on F. Scott Fitzgerald and The Great Gatsby. †¢Writing oThesis-driven writing (claim, assertion, commentary) oJournals oPoetry oLiterary Analysis Page 4 English 11 Summer Syllabus Fairfax County Public Schools— Online Campus PART 4: GRADING POLICIES Graded Course Activities Visit the Eng 11 Units button in your FCPS Online Campus course for instructions and information about assignments. Students will submit work through the Assignments button, through the Discussion Board button, or via email. Click on the Assessments button to access quizzes and exams. Submitted work is available for view through the student gradebook in FCPS 24/7. Procedures for Submitting Work You use the Assignment Button to submit assignments. Name the document correctly by using the file naming convention: lastname_assignmentname_date. doc. Please add a header at the top of the document containing your name, the date, and assignment title. If I receive a document without a name, it will be returned (and then you run the risk of turning in a late assignment). When you email me, please type your name in the subject line and sign your emails with your first and last names. Save (and backup) all of your submitted work. You are advised to keep copies of everything, including emails that show the date and time that you’ve submitted your assignments. Late work must be emailed to teacher with an explanation. Late Work Policy ALL WORK IS DUE BY MIDNIGHT ON THE DAY IT IS ASSIGNED. Work received between midnight and 8:00 am the next day will be accepted, but with a ten percent reduction in the grade earned. Work received between 8:00 am and 11:59 pm that same day will be accepted, but with a twenty percent reduction in the grade earned. After 11:59 pm on the day after the work was originally due, no late work will be accepted. Discussion boards are NOT accepted late. Viewing Grades in FCPS Online Campus Instructor will update the online grades each week—typically 2-3 days after each due date. Grade Reports will be emailed to parents, students and counselors every week. Grade Reports will reflect the student’s quality of work by the scores on the assignments but will also contain missing assignment if the student is behind schedule to finish the class. Page 5 English 11 Summer Syllabus Fairfax County Public Schools— Online Campus. *during summer school this is expedited since a single summer day is 8 academic days The grade percentage chart will be used to convert to letter grade reporting (chart below). Final Mark Each quarter will count as 20% of the final grade. The final exam will count as 1/5 of the final grade. Letter Grade Percentage Definition A 93-100% Designates the status of a student who consistently demonstrates accurate and complete knowledge of content and skills specified in the FCPS Program of Studies (POS), and applies that knowledge to solve problems in a variety of settings A- 90-92% B+ 87-89% Designates the status of a student who demonstrates knowledge of content and skills specified in the FCPS Program of Studies (POS), with some improvement needed in accuracy and/or consistency in performance, applying that knowledge to solve problems in a variety of settings B 83-86% B- 80-82% C+ 77-79% Designates the status of a student who demonstrates knowledge of basic content and skills specified in the FCPS Program of Studies (POS), but requires additional practice and instructional experiences to acquire skills necessary to solve problems C 73-76% C- 70-72% D+ 67-69% Designates the status of a student who needs significant practice and instructional experiences to acquire the  knowledge of basic content and skills specified in the FCPS Program of Studies (POS) necessary to solve problems. As a final mark, it is not necessarily sufficient to meet the prerequisite requirements for the next level in a sequence of courses. D 64-66% F 0-63% Designates the status of a student who has not demonstrated the basic knowledge of content and/or skills specified in the FCPS Program of Studies (POS) and requires additional practice and instructional experiences in order to succeed. I * Designates the status of a student who has not been able to complete tasks that are major components of the quarter  grade for reasons considered appropriate by the teacher or team or by the principal or his or her designee. The student is required to make up work within a specified time period in order to convert this incomplete to a grade by the next quarterly progress report. *I (Incomplete) = May not be given as a permanent final grade. Page 6 English 11 Summer Syllabus Fairfax County Public Schools— Online Campus Important note: For more information about grading, visit the grading and reporting policies at the FCPS website. Page 7 English 11 Summer Syllabus Fairfax County Public Schools— Online Campus COURSE POLICIES Participation. Students are expected to participate in all online activities as listed on the course calendar. Consistent participation is required and submission of work is the evidence of that participation. Communicate If you find that you have any trouble keeping up with assignments or other aspects of the course, make sure you let your instructor know as early as possible. As you will find, building rapport and effective relationships are key to becoming an effective person. Make sure that you are proactive in informing your instructor when difficulties arise during the year so that we can help you find a solution. Complete Assignments. All assignments for this course will be submitted electronically through FCPS 24/7 unless otherwise instructed. Assignments must be submitted by the given deadline or special permission must be requested from instructor. Extensions will not be given beyond the next assignment. Late or missing discussion assignments will affect the student’s grade. Understand When You will be Removed from This Course It is state law that a student will no miss 15 days of class. The instructor will notify parents and counselor at 5 and 10 days of no work submitted. At 15 days the student is removed from the course and returned to the counselor  for appropriate placement. Our goal is to get students to receive credit for graduation, and if online is not an appropriate environment, a return to face to face instruction is necessary. During summer school three days of non-activity will warrant dismissal from the course; your teacher will evaluate this after Sunday night. Inform Your Instructor of Any Accommodations Needed If you have a documented disability and IEP, and you wish to discuss academic accommodations, please contact your instructor as soon as possible. IEP and 504 accommodations must be submitted to the Online Campus before the class starts. The Online Campus can be contacted by phone at (703) 503-7781 (Voice) or via email at [emailprotected] edu . Commit to Ethical Conduct As a student in this course, you are expected to maintain high degrees of professionalism, commitment to active learning and participation in this class Page 8 English 11 Syllabus Fairfax County Public Schools— Online Campus and also integrity in your behavior in and out of the classroom. Page 9 English 11 Syllabus Fairfax County Public Schools— Online Campus FCPS Ethical Conduct for Users (SRR regulation 2601) It is the responsibility of the student to: †¢Use only his or her account or password. It is a violation to give access to an account to any other user. †¢Recognize and honor the intellectual property of others; comply with legal restrictions regarding plagiarism and the use and citation of information resources. †¢Not read, modify, or remove files owned by other users. †¢Restrict the use of the FCPS network and resources to the mission or function of the school system. The use of the FCPS network for personal use or for private gain is prohibited. †¢Help maintain the integrity of the school information system. Deliberate tampering or experimentation is not allowed; this includes the use of FCPS network and resources to illicitly access, tamper with, or experiment with systems outside FCPS. The information systems and Internet access available through FCPS are available to support learning, enhance instruction, and support school business practices. †¢Refrain from using offensive, obscene, or harassing language when using FCPS network systems. †¢Abstain from accessing, changing, or deleting files belonging to others. Important Note: Any form of academic dishonesty, including cheating and plagiarism, will be reported to the administration office. Page 10

Bartleby the Scrivener: Catatonic Schizophrenia :: Health, Diseases, Mental Disorder

Misery loves company and in Melville's "Bartleby the Scrivener", Bartleby exhibits traits of depression and catatonic schizophrenia as defined in the DSM-IV; however the narrator's other employees also show symptoms of catatonia either influenced by Bartleby or by Melville's own mental state. The theme of mental disorder is prominent throughout the text and a close analysis of specific passages in concordance with the DSM-IV will first reveal how Bartleby exemplifies these mental disorders and secondly show to what extent the entire story serves to personify them. Bartleby demonstrates behaviours indicative of depression, the symptoms he has in accordance with the DSM-IV are a loss of interest in activities accompanied by a change in appetite, sleep, and feelings of guilt (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, 320). Very shortly after Bartleby begins his work as a Scrivener he is described by the narrator as having done â€Å"nothing but stand at his window in his dead-wall revery†. (Melville, 126) In contrast, Bartleby had previously been described as a very hard worker and this process of doing increasingly less shows how his a diminishing sense of interest both in his work but also of the perception others have of him. It is also noted that included in this lack of interest is a social withdrawal (DSM—IV, 321) which corresponds well to Bartleby in that his workspace becomes known as his â€Å"hermitage†. During small talk which included Bartleby he says that he â€Å"would prefer to be left alone†. (Melville, 120) Bartleby only emerges from his hermitage when called upon and quickly returns when faced with confrontation. His lack of appetite is noticed early where in the narrator notices â€Å"that he never went to dinner†. (Melville, 51) We discover later that he has been eating a bit of ginger-nuts and some morsel of cheese, (Melville, 88) however the narrator suggests that this is a pitiable amount of food and that Bartleby is clearing suffering. In fact his refusal to eat ultimately leads to his death; one might infer that it was a form of suicide as he says that he â€Å"prefers not to dine to-day... [i]t would disagree with me; I am unused to dinners†. (Melville, 235) This implies that Bartleby hadn’t been eating for a long time. Also refusing to eat, Bartleby is shown to very seldom sleep. The narrator mentions that he is â€Å"always there; - first in the morning, continually through the day, and the last at night†, (Melville, 84) he makes his home in the office and the narrator comments that he finally does sleep at the end when he is dead.

Motivation by Job Design

Most research in job design suggests taking a look at the aspect of job structure. This structure tells us how these elements in a job are organized can act to increase or decrease effort. When I took a look at the Job Characteristics Model (JCM) it describes five core job dimensions that managers should look into to increase motivation within employees. I have heard employees say â€Å"I only come to work for this easy check, there is nothing to do here but eat, sleep and the most work if any is when a resident decides to act out.I wondered about those statements and ask myself ‘ Do they like their job, do they want to be here, and most of all are they committed or can they become committed? This is why I thought, Motivating by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model was interesting. The dimensions are as follow, Skill variety, having enough activities in a job â€Å"so the worker can use a number of different skills and talent† (Robbins ; Judge, 2011, â€Å"Motivat ion by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model†)†¦Task identity, how much of the â€Å"job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work† (Robbins ; Judge, 2011, â€Å"Motivation by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model†) meaning that if your job requires doing one or two activities it may score low on the model and may not become experienced, meaningfulness at work. They also my score low on internal work motivation. Task significance is another element in job structure was jobs should be designed to have an impact on employee’s lives or work with other people.Autonomy is an important connection also to job structure because an employee which has no freedom to be independent and discrete in scheduling the work and carry it out will score low on the JCM. The one most important element in job design is feedback, it not only lower absenteeism and turnover but the psychological states of mind of the employee and employer scores high on the â€Å"knowledge of the actual results of the work activities† (Robbins ; Judge, 2011, â€Å"Motivation by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model†).Scoring high on the five dimensions is critical to the psychological states, resulting in experienced meaningfulness of the work and personal and workout comes are high also such as â€Å"high internal work motivation, quality work performance, satisfaction with the work, and low absenteeism and turnover† (Robbins ; Judge, 2011, â€Å"Motivation by Job Design: The Job Characteristics Model†). Depending on the feedback, employee's growth may need strengthening. Reference Robbins, S. P. , & Judge, T. A. (2011). Motivation: From Concepts to Applications  (14th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Hurricane Katrina Essay

Mike Mulally 10-11-19 In 2005 Hurricane Katrina swept through the city of New Orleans and destroyed the lives of thousands. Katrina was one of the largest hurricanes and natural disasters in the history of the United States (Wikipedia, 2009). While most of the casualties’ occurred during the actual storm, still a many took place days after, and were do to the fact that the local, state, and national government were slow to respond. This slow response was due to the nature of federalism. I believe Americans got a glimpse at how federalism and bureaucracy have flaws. These imperfections will be discussed in the pages below. The PBS documentary â€Å"The Storm,† depicts the destruction Hurricane Katrina caused, as well as what went wrong with the evacuation and rescue of New Orleans residents. Local, state, and national government officials were interviewed, such as New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin, New Orleans governor Kathleen Blanco, and FEMA Director Michael Brown. Each official gave his or her version of why events happened the way they did. Some of the their accounts contradicted each other. I believe everyone was just looking out for him or herself, trying to save face. This seems to be a common problem in American politics. I will next explore how federalisms can be a inconvenience in a situation such as a natural disaster. Federalism by definition â€Å"is a system in which governmental powers are divided between a central government and smaller units, like states†(Greenberg & Page, 2009, Ch. 3). The officials at all levels of the government were somehow confused during Katrina on who exactly was in charge. Was it New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin, FEMA Director Michael Brown, was it President Bush? † (Marcela, 2005). There was also a lack of communication between the different levels of government, which, as was talked about in class, is an obvious downside or barrier to federalism (Oxendine, 2009). In a situation like a natural disaster, communication is key. If one cannot communicate with another, how is anything supposed to be accomplished? Having several l evels of government involved just makes everything in a disaster situation more complicated. I believe the U. S. needs a more centralized form of a disaster agency. If a natural disaster is to happen there ought to be one plan of action carried out by one agency. Having this central organization would have alleviated much of the confusion and frustration that we witnessed with Katrina. According to Director Brown, after Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans’ local government did not communicate very well with FEMA officials. Brown says he was never told what sorts of manpower or supplies were needed (Marcela 2009). However Louisiana National Guard Adjutant General Bennett Landreneau stated in his interview that he specifically sent requests to FEMA for what help was required. A few days after he was interviewed he sent in the documentation that proves he did indeed ask specific needs from FEMA (Marcela 2009). FEMA Director Brown lied on television. So often politicians lie about issues, why can’t they ever own up to their mistakes and just tell the truth. I believe the American public deserves to know the truth on issues, especially when dealing with something like Hurricane Katrina. In a natural disaster it is at first the state that has control. If the state becomes overwhelmed and can no longer control the situation, the state then needs to clearly articulate what services they are in need of, and that is when FEMA will then intervene. Several days after the storm, Director Brown apparently believed the state of Louisiana had the situation under control (Marcela, 2005). While the Mayor and Governor thought FEMA was going to step in and help. There was a period of time where nobody knew who was in command. Consequently there was a period of time where the many of the people of New Orleans had no food, water or shelter, and that is when many lives were lost. It bewilders one to think that this sort of miscommunication and misunderstanding could happen to a country like the United States. One would assume that our country would have one of the best disaster protocols in the world, considering our global supremacy. I will now touch on another part of U. S. government that I consider to have flaws, and that is bureaucracy. A bureaucracy as defined by Greenberg & Page (2009) is â€Å" A large, complex organization characterized by a hierarchical set of offices, each with a specific task, controlled through a clear chain of command, and where appointment and advancement of personnel is based on merit† (Ch. 13). Individuals are appointed not elected and therein lies a problem. Anyone that the president chooses can be in a position of power. Many believe Michael Brown was absolutely not qualified for the position of FEMA Director (Greenberg & Page, 2009, Ch. 13). After all he had no formal training in disaster relief or anything of that sort in his resume. Positions like FEMA director should have to have some sort of qualifications. One cannot just be put into that situation like Director Brown was. I believe that positions such as director should be an elected one. When someone who is not qualified is put in charge of one of biggest natural disasters in U. S. history, nothing good can come from it. And indeed that is exactly what happened, total chaos and confusion took place due to Director Michael Brown’s incompetence. After the attacks of 9/11 President Bush reorganized FEMA into a Bureaucracy. FEMA was downgraded and became a sub department of homeland security. Many believe this reorganization really hurt FEMA. Personnel, IT systems and other resources were dramatically reduced due to President Bush’s budget cutting agenda. The President also cut project impact, a program started by FEMA to help communities become disaster resistant, due to tax cuts (Marcella 2009). In addition 80 million dollars was taken from FEMA and distributed to other sectors in homeland security. This is just another problem of FEMA becoming a part of the U. S. bureaucracy. How would anyone expect an organization to do their job when they have had significant funds and resources cut? Clearly part of FEMA’s inadequacies can be linked to President Bush’s choice to make tax cuts and cut parts of their program. Again, the reorganization of FEMA was really detrimental. Hopefully in the future leaders will make more conscientious choices about which agencies should be cut back. Most would believe a disaster relief program such as FEMA should have some of the most funding and personnel available. Apparently former President Bush thought otherwise. Although President Bush does deserves a little bit of a break considering â€Å"the sheer size and complexity of the executive branch. There is so much going on, in so many agencies, involving the activity of tens of thousands of people, that simply keeping abreast of it all is no easy task† (Greenberg & Page, 2009, Ch. 13). He is in charge of so much in the U. S. there is no way he could keep an eye on everything. So while the President may have indirectly affected FEMA by inducing budget cuts, he cannot be held directly responsible for the government’s lack of involvement in Katrina at the national level. The president relies on his appointees to do their jobs, which Director Brown did not fulfill. However, President Bush choose Michael Brown, so maybe Bush is in fact responsible for FEMA’s inadequacies. Obviously having a large federal bureaucracy is an inconvenience to say the least. I believe Hurricane Katrina has taught our country a few lessons. First of all that while having a federal bureaucracy has its pluses, it also brings with it it’s many flaws, and the main one being communication. Our government should be striving for interoperability. The ability for several groups at all levels of the government to communicate what resources are needed during a natural disaster will prove to be the single most important tool during a relief operation. I hope that in the future, Presidents will choose more wisely when filling high-level positions such as FEMA Director, and not just appoint those who helped with their campaign. I also hope more cities around the country have better evacuation plans than those of New Orleans. I hope National Guard buildings are better equipped with resources and manpower in the future, especially along costal areas that are known to have hurricanes.

Malcolm Xs Knowledge and Liberation Essays

Malcolm Xs Knowledge and Liberation Essays Malcolm Xs Knowledge and Liberation Essay Malcolm Xs Knowledge and Liberation Essay Malcolm Xs Knowledge and Liberation What does it mean to be liberated, mentally imprisoned, and free? Malcolm experienced all of those feelings and in this essay I will explain how he was first mentally imprisoned or oppressed, to him becoming physically imprisoned which set him free, and the influences that changed his life from what it was before. To first address how Malcolm X was liberated by reading and knowledge, one must understand what it means to be free or liberated. To be free is to live in happiness, peace, harmony and Just overall have a positive well-being. Freedom allows one to be n control of themselves and their life and to have an unlimited amount of opportunities. To be liberated is to appreciate life without restraints or restrictions; To live your life the way you choose and have those rights be inalienable and accepted worldwide as something that cannot be physically or mentally taken away. Malcolm was freed mentally while he was physically imprisoned. Growing up Malcolm X was raised in a disfunctional household and never really had a strong male fgure to look up to as an example. He was put into a detention home where he was surrounded by white people who treated him as a pet or a mascot. He grew up not knowing anything about his history or heritage which impacted him greatly when he became an adult. While in middle school, Malcolm X asked his favorite English teacher why there was only one paragraph about black history and his teacher made a senseless Joke and moved on, but something inside Malcolm snapped that day. He was going to make or find his own history. As Malcolm X became an adult, he had the choice to live a good educated life but instead chose to become an alcoholic and drug dealer. He felt that was the only real Job out there that didnt serve upper class white people. At a few points in his life, Malcolm X had to live his hometown because he was afraid to be arrested for a false accusation or killed over unpaid debts. Although it wasnt as clear then, Malcolm X was mentally imprisoned and oppressed in the community, ignorance, and state of mind in which he chose to live with for a long time until he was finally arrested which began a new life for him. Malcolm X was liberated and became more free than ever in his life by absorbing knowledge like a sponge and not letting anything get between him and his want and need to further his learning. While in prison, Malcolm X was introduced to a whole new world which he had no prior knowledge except for his embarrassment and guilt of not being capable to respond back to Elijah Muhammad. He says that he nearly became a prison hermit because he was so into his learning and books that not even eight prison guards and the warden could pry him from his intense passion of studying. He was so passionate about reading and learning new words that he never knew existed that he would get angry when it would be lights out and stay up all skills and language skills broadened his eyes and changed how he viewed his life nd the world. One person that changed the way that Malcolm saw himself and the world was Elijah Muhammad. Muhammad wrote to Malcolm X while he was in prison and gave him courage and guidance towards a life committed to Islam. Malcolm X looked up to Elijah Muhammad and thanked him for introducing to the world of Islam. He became a very humble man and lost pride and gave and fully committed himself to Allah. Writing to Elijah Muhammad and not knowing how to express himself without using the old slang that he had grown up speaking made him push himself towards earning more so that he could communicate freely and effectively. That large step that Malcolm took by first copying the dictionary onto paper changed his life and set him upon a new course. Acquiring reading skills was probably the most influential event that could have happened in Malcolm Xs life because he was introduced to a numerous amount of topics and history that even he couldnt fathom. In addition to writing letters to Elijah Muhammad, Malcolm X started to look more into black history and the origin of his people and where the oppression began. Malcolm X found that the more he looked into the history if his people, the more whitened or bleached it became. He read books about slavery that upset him and made him even more passionate and he came up with a conclusion: White men are like devils that oppress the worlds minorities. He kept reading about how whites opened the Slave Trade and all the hardships his ancestors endured in the process of searching for human rights. He also believed that whited exploited all the other races of the world by coming in a good nature to the people and then changing their whole attitudes and screwing eople out of their own resources and making them turn on each other out of the white mans benefit. For example, the United Nations were indiscreetly creating laws directly towards the oppression of minorities. After acquiring the ability to read, Malcolm X got the courage to Join the debate team that always him think about other subjects and admire the inmates who got so heated about the points they were supporting. Malcolm found debate and public speaking was something that was so exhilarating because it was a combination of strategy and reasoning. He would track down everything about his subject and then ut himself in the mindset of his opponent and then fgure out a way to knock down those points as well. If there was anyway Malcolm would talk about the devilishness of the white man in any of his debates. Malcolm X became liberated and free as he grew as a new person into knowledge and under a new religion that he actually had faith in. Malcolm became all of the definitions that I gave about truly being free. Knowledge gave Malcolm happiness, peace, harmony and an overall positive well-being but one important thing that I think knowledge gave him was: Knowledge gave him the option to have an unlimited

German Pet Names Used to Address Family and Friends

German Pet Names Used to Address Family and Friends Germans often use animal names such as  Hasi  and  Maus  as terms of endearment for  loved ones, according to popular German magazines. Kosenamen (pet names) in German come in many forms, from the simple and classic Schatz  to cuter ones like Knuddelpuddel. Here are some favorite German pet names, according to surveys carried out by the German magazine Brigitte and the German website spin.de. Classic German Pet Names Name Variations Meaning Schatz Schatzi,Schatzilein,Schtzchen treasure Liebling Liebchen, Liebelein darling, sweetheart Se/r Sling sweetie Engel Engelchen, Engelein angel German Pet Names Based on Types of Animal Maus Mausi, Mausipupsi, Mausezahn, Musezhnchen mouse Hase Hasi,Hasilein, Hschen, Hascha (combination of Hase and Schatz) *bunny Brchen Brli, Schmusebrchen little bear Schnecke Schneckchen, Zuckerschnecke snail Spatz Spatzi, Sptzchen sparrow *In this context, these names mean  bunny, but they usually mean  hare. German Pet Names Based on Nature Rose Rschen, Rosenblte rose Sonnenblume Sonnenblmchen sunflower Stern Sternchen star English-Language Names Baby Honey German Pet Names Emphasizing Cuteness Schnuckel Schnuckelchen, Schnucki, Schnuckiputzi cutey Knuddel- Knuddelmuddel, Knuddelktzchen, Knuddelmaus cuddles Kuschel- Kuschelperle,Kuschelbr cuddly Germans love their pets, so it only makes sense that they would use pet names as terms of endearment for their human children, significant others, or other beloved family members and  close friends. Germans Are Animal Lovers More than 80 percent of Germans describe themselves as animal lovers, even if significantly fewer German households include a pet. The most popular pets are cats, followed by guinea pigs, rabbits, and in fourth place, dogs.  A 2014 Euromonitor International study found that 11.5 million cats were living in 19% of German households in 2013 and 6.9 million dogs were living in 14% of households. Other German pet populations were not mentioned, but we do know that Germans spend about 4 billion euros ($4.7 billion) a year on all their pets. Thats a lot in a population of   86.7 million. The Germans willingness to spend big on pets is a reflection of the pets increasing importance as companions at a time when single-person or small households in Germany are growing at nearly 2 percent a year, resulting in increasingly isolated lifestyles. And Their Pets Are Beloved Companions Pets are considered beloved companions that enhance their owners’ well-being and quality of living, said Euromonitor. Dogs, which enjoy a high status and high profile among pets, are also viewed as supporting their owners’ fitness and health and as helping them to reconnect with nature on their daily walks.   The ultimate German dog is probably the German shepherd. But the very popular breed that has won the Germans heart seems to be the cute Bavarian dachshund, typically named Waldi. These days, Waldi is also a popular name for baby boys, and the dachshund, in the form of a small bobblehead toy in the rear window of a good many German cars, is a symbol of the countrys Sunday drivers. Waldi, the Name and the Olympic Mascot But in the 1970s, dachshunds were synonymous with the rainbow-hued dachshund Waldi who, as the first official Olympics mascot, was created for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, the capital of Bavaria. The dachshund was not chosen so much for this accident of geography but supposedly because it possessed the same qualities as a great athlete: resistance, tenacity, and agility. At the 1972 Summer Games, even the marathon route was designed to resemble Waldi.

Discussion Board 8, Chapter 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 8, Chapter 10 - Essay Example But our group leaders had a tendency to challenge our abilities. They would often ask us how we knew something was too complex without even trying to accomplish the instructions for the experiment. Our leader chose to validate our concerns by understanding our point of view and then negotiated with us regarding how we could complete the chosen experiment. That is how we would find ourselves working out the â€Å"complex† instructions and actually getting the work done. Then we would find out that it was never too â€Å"complex† at all. Then there was the time when I was part of the school dance committee. Our theme was 80s retro. The cost of our decorations were beginning to skyrocket and our class president would often remind us that our budget was running low. Luckily, we were a highly creative bunch in the group who knew that just because something was expensive, that did not mean we could not have it. Rather, it just meant that we would have to improvise instead, and improvise we did. By getting everyone involved in finding a solution to the problem, the result was a highly cooperative group that managed to pull off a school dance that looked expensive on a shoestring

Discipline of planning policy in the UK Assignment

Discipline of planning policy in the UK - Assignment Example This paper is intended to explain the national, regional and local framework for planning policy and practice identifying the main instruments for plan making in the UK. The paper focuses on particular policies relating to sustainable urban regeneration and critically examines the impact which these polices have had on a selected city in England.The salient feature of the UK planning system consists in a paradox – being born and clearly rooted in local government practice (Cherry, 1988, p.72) during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it tended to be highly centralised over the time, but in contrast with many other countries, there is a lack of a spatial plan at national level (Balchin, Sykora and Bull, 1999, p.89). It may have its origins in the British governmental system which, as Cherry writes (1988, p.183) is generally characterised by three-component, interactive structure providing periodic responses to demand for reform and innovation. The first element is the bureaucracy (local government and the civil service) which is conservative in terms of outlook; the second are the active pressure groups – reformist in nature; and the third element is represented by the elected politicians who decide policy and implement the taken decisions. Given this scenario, planning regulations are categorically a political act and represent the outcome of conflict/degree of compromise between competing views. Plan making itself, being considered not just a technical activity, but deeply political, deriving legitimacy from values expressed in the community, has become a highly sophisticated process of complex bargaining and negotiation, in which powerful interests (including professions) ‘both mediate and promote their preferences’ (Cherry, 1988, p.184). There are three distinctive patterns of policy that dominated the post-war Britain, and which have left their imprint in the field of planning – the concept of welfare state manifested in the redistributive policies and decentralist land use strategies particularly characteristic of the period between the 1940s and 1970s; the significant neo-liberal shift in the 1980s characterised by interventionist practices – market-driven, ad hoc, piecemeal and responsive to particular pressures, with certain limitations on local government practice in terms of strategic role and oversight on town and environmental planning (Cherry, 1988, p.1

Personal Bankruptcy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Bankruptcy - Essay Example Section 316 of the Act requires the creditors to mention any additional income such as those from family is expected in the following year. A petitioner whose bankruptcy case had been previously adjudicated will have to wait for 8 years before filing another claim. The new act also allows conversions of liquidation into wage earner plans and liquidation cases in which the debtor’s income falls under a certain level will only be considered. Petitioner can use the exemptions allowed by the state only if they have resided in the state for at least 730 days. With regard to their houses, the creditors are allowed to exempt the first $125,000 of the value only if the home was purchased within a period of 1215 days. In case a tenant, who is using the home for illegal purposes, files a bankruptcy against the owner, section 311 of the Act would still allow the owner to evict the tenant. Credit card charges made for purchase of luxury goods for a minimum of $500 should be paid within 90 days of the credit and the limits for cash advances are $750 and student loans are dischargeable according to section 310 of the Act. However, the Act still protects the $1,000,000 of a debtor’s retirement benefits. The education savings account is also exempted if the funds have been placed into the account one or two years prior to filing for bankruptcy. In case of auto loans, if a debtor files for bankruptcy, he would be expected to pay only a secured portion of the auto loan in order to retain the vehicle with him. In case of liquidation fillings the petitioner will have to pay the alimony and child support required from him before payment of any other non-secured debt according to section 212. Section 314 of the new act has also ruled that many unnecessary types of debts which fall under chapter 13 will no longer be applicable. The credit system was the center of the federal bankruptcy reform passed in 2005 and these

Toyota: SWOT Analysis, BCG Matrix and Porters Five

Toyota: SWOT Analysis, BCG Matrix and Porters Five Toyota is a Japan based company which was established in 1937 by Sakichi Toyoda and is the world biggest automobile manufacturers, Toyota has achieved a record sale of 9 million cars in five continents. Toyota is also ranked in the top ten 500 ² companies. Toyota is one the worlds most renowned auto manufacturers and they are proud of this accomplishment and they believe it is only because that their customers are satisfied by them. http://www.toyota.com.cy/experience/the_company/index.aspx Strategy of Toyota Different strategies of Toyota are explained as under Growth Strategy In order to achieve an outstanding growth strategy, company must find, evaluate and select a strategy to enter and to capture a market. Toyota entered in American market in 1967 along with a range of cars and after that Toyota launched other brands such as lexus and scion. Toyota became a successful car manufacturer company mainly because of an effective and diverse marketing process which has enabled them to attract customers and enlarge its product range to other market segments. One of the other main reason why Toyota managed to do very well in America is because of 1973 oil crisis. When Toyota entered in American market it was not considered a threat because everyone use to say that Toyota cars do not appeal American people. But due to the oil crisis people realized that Toyota cars are highly fuel efficient and much more reliable. Marketing Strategy of Toyota Toyota is a global brand and the economic crisis which started in 2009 has hit Toyota. Therefore, Toyota is now marketing and making fuel efficient cars such as the new Auris hybrid and others. On top of that Toyota is very heavily marketing there 1 litre cars such as Toyota iq and aygo and this happened due to the the economic crunch that now people dont have much spending power. http://ayushveda.com/blogs/business/toyotas-marketing-strategy/ Environmental strategy In modern era, all the developed and under developed countries are more concern with the environment and are trying their best to promote cars which are more environment friendly and throw less co2 emission out. As a global car manufacturer Toyota is playing its role in minimising the co2 effect on the environment of the world. This is the reason Toyota has launched hybrid cars, the ultimate eco car, electric vehicles, plug in hybrid, fuel cell vehicle cars which consume less fuel and also discharge less co2 emission. So basically, Toyota is making cars which are user friendly and also environment friendly.www.toyota.com To critically evaluate the strategy of Toyota, some analysis of internal and external analysis required to be done and they are explained as under. SWOT analysis This analysis is a great tool for doing an audit of an organisation and its environment. It is the first step for marketers to take to focus on key issues. Swot stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses examine the internal factors of a company whereas the opportunities and threats are the analysis of external factors. SWOT analysis of Toyota Strengths of Toyota Toyota is global organisation, which enjoys great repute among its customers and possesses a very strong international position in 170 countries. Financial side of this company is extremely strong in 1997 company managed a sales turnover of  £131,511 million and growth of the company was 29.3%. Due to its high quality, an environment friendly product Toyota has a very strong brand recognition. Toyota has managed successfully penetrate into the main markets of the world which includes USA, China and Middle east countries. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_swot_analysis_of_Toyota Weakness of Toyota The production plants of Toyota are located in US and Japan due to which they are not in a very favourable position to take advantage from global efficiency gains. The company has suffered a lot of criticism due to the re-call made in 2005 and 2010. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_swot_analysis_of_Toyota Opportunities for Toyota Toyota was the first company to develop a hybrid car (hybrid- vehicle runs on gas and electric) which was the Prius model. At that time oil prices were at their extreme so at that time Toyota has given something to the market. Toyota is looking forward to expand belligerently into new segments of existing markets for example by the launch of Toyota Aygo the company is targeting the youth of the world. Another opportunity for Toyota is to produce small city cars which will be more fuel efficient and also easy to drive plus will produce less c02 emission because now a day governments of all under developed and developed countries are showing great concern about the environment. Toyota enjoys good market share in Europe, UK and America the company should target developing countries such as Pakistan, India and Srilanka where demand is very high for great fuel efficient cars. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_swot_analysis_of_Toyota Threats to Toyota Toyota faces very high competition by Honda and by other German car manufacturers. Especially in todays global market the trend of intense marketing campaign is increasing which will simply increase pressure on Toyota. The position of US dollar is very consistent so the exchange rates are playing a major role in the profit and loss of the company. The recession that has hit the world almost a couple of years ago have caused major issues for Toyota because car sales have declined rapidly ever since the recession started. Market trend is changing for example the trend of large families coming to an end and with it the need of large cars. Consistent increase in fuel prices has also bought a significant decline the car sales of Toyota Company. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_swot_analysis_of_Toyota BCG Matrix The Boston consultancy group matrix is a chat which was created by Peter Henderson in 1970. The purpose of this design is to help companies with the manufacturing units and product lines. The base of this tool in the product life cycle theory and it helps companies to decide on which areas they should prioritize. BCG Matrix for Toyota Prius This tool can also be used to analyze the launch of a product in the market. In this matrix two factors determine the success of a product. Market share and market growth are explained individually in the diagram. With the help of this tool an outstanding marketing strategy can easily be determined. Market Growth of Prius The Toyota prius was launched in Japan in 1997 and it was made available to the world in 2001. By the end of 2003, a new model of the car was launched and due to its modern hybrid technology it was sold 160,000 times throughout the world. It was mainly because at that time the prius was the only hybrid car and Toyota made maximum profit out of that. Up till now Toyota has managed to sell around 1 million hybrid cars and most of them are prius. To analyze the market growth of this product, given below is the monthly sales figure of U.S from 2000 to 2007. From the table above, we can clearly see that prius sales have increased dramatically over thye years. In 2000 number of cars sold was just 5,562 whereas the cars sold in 2007 excluding the month of December were 167,010 which is almost 30 times more the number of cars sold in 2000. The table given above, we can clearly view that Toyota prius was the best selling car in US with a great margin. Toyota has just 5.3% more sales than September 2007 but it has overall 50.7% more sales then the last year October. We can also see an outstanding growth in the market of hybrid cars which is almost 30% which means that it is a very fast growing market. Market Share of Toyota Prius If we look at the market share of Prius, it comes on top of the hybrid car market share. The prius has a massive 53.7% market share and this is because Toyota has sold three times more cars than the runner up. This is the reason why prius was the market leader in 2007. The prius has sold approximately 190,000 cars which comes up to a market share of 57% and this is a clear proof that prius is a market leader even on yearly basis. Conclusion After this detailed bcg analysis it is concluded that prius is a star product. It has a booming market share in the high demand market of hybrid cars. All this makes prius a star product and a product which has a lot of potential in the future years. In the BCG matrix chart the prius have its position in the top left because it has an outstanding market share in a dynamic and fast growing market. Therefore, prius is a star product. This information can be used by Toyota to set up a plan for business and thus the investment the company make in the product can also turn into a cash cow. Porters five forces analysis This is the most successful tool in analyzing the strategy of an industry. According to wiki this is a framework for the industry analysis and business strategy development developed by Michael E Porter of Harvard business school in 1979.it uses concepts developing industrial organisations economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. http://www.themarketers.in/?p=446 Porters five forces analysis includes critical analysis of five aspects which are as follows Threat of new entrants. Bargaining power of customers/ buyers. Threat of substitute products. Bargaining power of suppliers. The amount of rivalry between competitors. Five forces analysis on Toyota Detailed analysis of porters five forces. Threat of new entrants In auto industry all the big companies face threat of new entrants who enter into market to take their place. Toyota also faces same problems and the recent launch of TATA nano is a big threat for Toyota and for other auto companies. Because TATA nano is the cheapest car in the world which will definitely dominate in the under developed countries of the world and also TATA nanao and Peugeot has worked together to make that car so Toyota needs to come up with a strategy which will help them target the medium to lower medium class of the world. (Jhonson,s scholes and wittington.2008) Bargaining power of customers Bargaining power of customers vary from place to place. In European countries customers have outstanding bargaining power which is mainly due to the competition and because of their purchasing power. On the other hand in countries like Pakistan people dont have much choice and manufacturers charge reasonably high prices. (Jhonson,s scholes and wittington.2008) Threat of Substitute product In developed countries such as America or other European countries this threat is high for Toyota because there are a lot of other car manufacturers in these countries who sell their products with different deals such as now a day Citroen is selling most of their cars with 0 deposit and on no interest basis for up to three years which is a big threat for Toyota in UK. Because due to the economic crisis the world is facing people are more interested in saving money. (Jhonson,s scholes and wittington.2008) Bargaining power of suppliers Because Toyota is a strong brand therefore, this threat is comparatively low to them in comparison with other manufacturers because brand confirms suppliers a higher value to their product. (Jhonson,s scholes and wittington.2008) Rivalry among competitors This element also varies for area to area. As mentioned earlier in European countries there are a lot of manufacturers available so the rivalry among competitors is very high. For example in Pakistan Toyota has one main rival which is Honda but in UK Toyota has Honda, Peugeot, Nissan, ford, rover and also other companies which makes rivalry extremely intense. (Jhonson,s scholes and wittington.2008) Problems with Toyota Even though Toyota is one of the best car manufacturer company in the world but they have faced many problems over the years in different parts of the world. Some of them are related with products and some are even with the brand itself. A few of these problems are summarised in detail Toyota brand problem Toyota is a major brand and its sub-brands are Lexus and Scion but Toyota sells and manufacture most of its cars under the name of Toyota which is not a very healthy marketing strategy. For example, the problem Audi had in 1990 with its 5000 range (problem was acceleration which resulted in fatal acceleration accidents) which resulted a significant decline not just in the sale figure of Audi 5000 but due to that problem sales figure of Audi 4000 and Quattro were also declined to a great extent just because these too vehicles were manufactured by the same company. Despite of all the promotional and marketing activities held by Audi in between 1990-2000 the company has still not fully recovered and has not find its proper place in the market. Unfortunately, Toyota has not learned anything from this mistake and they keep on launching all cars under the same brand without paying much attention to sub-brands. Due to the recent problem of rapid acceleration in Toyota cars customers are beginning to show less interest in the brand and now it is believed that nest decade will be very tough for Toyota. So, Toyota really needs to promote its sub brands and to pump marketing investments in them. Toyotas Brand Problems Begin At Its Core Brake problems in Toyota Prius In 2010, braking problems were reported with Toyota prius in America by manay customers, four of them were involved in crash. The problem was that customers were finding it difficult to brake on un even surface. Which resulted in major accidents and as a result Toyota had to do a major recall in America which resulted in a significant decline in sale and due to which Toyota has launched its market share throughout the world. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8497471.stm Rapid acceleration problem of Toyota Toyota had to do a major recall in 2004 which was basically companies biggest in which company had to recall 3.8 million vehicles. In the beginning Toyota said that the problem is with the floor matt but after few crashes the company actually decided to go for the recall decision. http://www.leftlanenews.com/a-closer-look-at-toyotas-sudden-acceleration-problem.html Acceleration stuck In the last decade Toyota has given us quality products such as Camry, corolla and Tercel. But then in 2010 a problem came in Toyota a vehicle which was reported as the acceleration gets stuck which is causing difficulty in stopping the vehicle and could result in major accidents. As a result, Toyota has not just recall the selected models on a national model but also stopped production for these vehicles. This decision of Toyota is really admired by Dr. Edward Deming who is called the undisputed father of quality management and he said that quality is better than quantity and by doing a recall national level Toyota has proved that they care about their customers and are willing to give them something extra. Some say that this incident will hurt Toyota and result in a decline of sales Toyota over the years but some say that this will benefit Toyota in coming years because once the problem is rectified than people will be more eager in buying Toyota vehicles especially over American c ars because they know that they will be getting quality. http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/2656835/toyota_is_facing_a_major_problem.html?cat=27 Recommendations By looking at the problems Toyota had over the years it is concluded that Toyota should take its business more seriously as they are the market leaders. The company should properly test every product several times before launching it in the market. Invest in sub brands Toyota should now invest heavily in its sub brands. This will bring stability in the sales of Toyota as if anything goes wrong with Toyota car customers will not stop buying the sub brands products and this will result in keeping the market share stable. Make hybrid technology cheaper Toyota is investing in hybrid vehicles which cause less co2 emission and also environment friendly but these vehicles are extremely expensive and not in the range of majority of people. The future main threat for auto mobile manufacturer is TATA nano which is the worlds cheapest car so if Toyota does not want to lose its market share than Toyota really needs to look ahead and come up with something which is a lot better than quality than TATA nano and the best way to beat nano is to come up with cheap and small hybrid car. Identify market trends and target markets The market trend is changing very quickly, now people dont travel in groups everyone prefer to keep their own cars so Toyota needs to make more small cars. At the moment there are just three small cars from Toyota which are Toyota aygo, iq and yaris which is a pretty small number from the worlds biggest auto manufacturer. On top of that these cars are not fun to drive they dont offer good road grip and comfort and on top of that they are pretty expensive. So, if Toyota wants to do well in future they really need to re think their strategy and they should make hybrid cars much cheaper and make small cars more reliable and fun to drive. Toyota is very well located it has plants in Japan, Europe and America so they can manage to produce cheap quality cars. From Japan, they can target asian countries which include Pakistan, India and Sri lanka because these countries are showing rapid growth and people has high purchasing power. From European production plant, Toyota can target European countries which are a very big market and Toyota enjoys great market share in these countries. American production plant can be used to target America and Canada and other small countries in that region. In this way Toyota can easily produce cheap quality cars and supply them to these countries as they are very well located.